Maybe you’ve seen Iceland’s most famous basalt columns at Reynisfjara Beach, rising dramatically beside the ocean. Or maybe this is your first time hearing about these fascinating rock formations.
Either way, basalt columns are one of the most unique natural features in Iceland, shaped by volcanic activity and found across the country. They’re easy to include in any Iceland road trip, especially if you’re travelling by rental car.
Here’s everything you need to know about basalt columns in Iceland, including how they form and the best places to see them.
How Are Basalt Columns Formed in Iceland?
Iceland’s basalt columns are formed by volcanic activity, which is no surprise in the Land of Fire and Ice.
These formations develop when basalt lava, the most common type of lava on Earth, cools and contracts after an eruption. As the lava solidifies, it shrinks and cracks into geometric shapes, most commonly hexagonal columns.
This process is called columnar jointing, and it creates the perfectly stacked, symmetrical rock formations you see across Iceland.
In many cases, basalt columns form near water. Rapid cooling caused by rivers, waterfalls, or the ocean helps the lava crack more evenly, creating those clean, vertical lines that make Iceland’s basalt columns so photogenic.
Types of Basalt in Iceland
Not all basalt in Iceland is the same. The country features several types, including:
- Tholeiitic basalt
- Alkaline basalt
- Olivine basalt
These variations come from different volcanic conditions, but all can contribute to the formation of basalt columns.
Where to See Basalt Columns in Iceland (Top 8 Locations)
Iceland is one of the best places in the world to see basalt columns. Here are some of the most impressive and accessible locations to add to your itinerary.
1. Reynisfjara Black Sand Beach
Reynisfjara is Iceland’s most famous column location. Alongside the black sand beach and powerful Atlantic waves, you’ll find towering basalt columns forming a natural cliff wall.
Walk towards the eastern side of the beach to see them up close.
Good to know: Sneaker waves are dangerous here, Keep a safe distance from the water.
2. Stuðlagil Canyon
Studlagil Canyon in East Iceland is one of the most striking basalt column sites in the country.
The canyon walls are lined with tall, symmetrical basalt columns, and the bright blue Jökla River flowing through it creates a strong contrast.
It’s a bit more remote, but absolutely worth the drive.
3. Svartifoss Waterfall
Located in Vatnajökull National Park, Svartifoss is one of Iceland’s most iconic waterfalls.
The waterfall flows over a dramatic wall of dark basalt columns, making it one of the most photographed spots in the country.
Access: 45-minute hike each way from the Skaftafell visitor area.
4. Kirkjugólf (The “Church Floor”)
Kirkjugólf is a unique basalt formation that looks like a tiled stone floor.
Instead of tall columns, the basalt here appears as flat hexagonal slabs, giving the site its name, which translates to “church floor”
5. Dverghamrar Cliffs
Located just off the Ring Road in South Iceland, Dverghamrar is one of the easiest basalt column stops to visit.
These formations rise from a grassy landscape, creating a peaceful and accessible viewing point.
6. Aldeyjarfoss Waterfall
Aldeyjarfoss is a powerful waterfall in North Iceland, surrounded by large basalt columns.
The contrast between the white water and dark volcanic rock makes this one of the most visually striking locations in Iceland.
Note: Access requires driving on F-roads.
7. Litlanesfoss Waterfall
Litlanesfoss is one of the most dramatic basalt column locations in Iceland.
The waterfall is framed by tall, narrow basalt columns on both sides, forming a deep canyon.
It’s located near Hengifoss in East Iceland and is best viewed from a distance.
8. Gerduberg Cliffs
Located on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, Gerðuberg features perfectly formed, symmetrical basalt columns lined up along a cliff.
This is one of the most accessible basalt column sites in Iceland and an easy stop on a Snæfellsnes road trip.
Best Rental Car for Visiting Basalt Columns in Iceland
If you’re planning a self-drive trip in Iceland, choosing the right rental car is key. Not all basalt column locations require a 4×4, but some of the most remote and impressive sites do.
When You Need a 4×4 Rental in Iceland
- Driving on F-roads (highland roads)
- Visiting places like Aldeyjarfoss or remote canyon areas
- Traveling in winter with snow and icy roads
When a 2WD is enough
- Reynisfjara
- Svartifoss
- Dverghamrar
- Gerðuberg
- Ring Road travel
Quick Recommendation
- Summer road trip (Ring Road) 2WD is fine
- Highlands or F-roads: 4WD required by law
- Winter travel: 4WD strongly recommended
Choosing the Right Rental Car with Firefly Iceland
At Firefly Iceland, choosing the right rental car depends on your travel plans.
Travel group size: 2WD cars work well for couples, while SUVs are better for families or groups with luggage.
Season: Summer allows more flexibility, but winter conditions require a vehicle with good traction and winter tires
Itinerary: If you’re sticking to the Ring Road, a standard car works well. If you want to explore more remote areas and basalt column sites, a 4×4 gives you more freedom.
Firefly Iceland offers a range of cheap rental cars in Iceland, from budget-friendly small cars to larger 4×4 vehicles for more adventurous routes.
Why Basalt Columns Are Worth Seeing in Iceland
Basalt columns are one of the most unique geological features in Iceland.
From waterfall framed by volcanic rock to canyons carved into perfect hexagonal shapes, they offer some of the most photogenic landscapes in the country.
And the best way to explore them? A self-drive road trip in Iceland, where you can stop whenever you want and discover these natural formations at your own pace.
FAQ: Basalt Columns in Iceland
- What are basalt columns in Iceland?
Basalt columns are hexagonal rock formations created when lava cools and contracts after volcanic eruptions. They are a common natural feature in Iceland due to its volcanic activity.
- Where are the best basalt columns in Iceland?
The most popular locations include Reynisfjara Beach, Stuðlagil Canyon, Svartifoss Waterfall, Gerðuberg Cliffs, and Aldeyjarfoss.
- Do you need a 4×4 to see basalt columns in Iceland?
Not always. Many basalt column sites are accessible with a 2WD car via the Ring Road. However, some remote locations require a 4×4 and access via F-roads.
- What is columnar jointing?
Columnar jointing is the natural process where cooling lava contracts and cracks into geometric shapes, forming basalt columns.
- Are basalt columns only found in Iceland?
No, basalt columns exist worldwide, but Iceland is one of the best places to see them due to its active volcanic landscape.
- When is the best time to visit basalt columns in Iceland?
Basalt columns can be visited year-round. Summer offers easier access, while winter provides dramatic scenery with snow and ice.
Conclusion
Iceland’s basalt columns are more than just beautiful rock formations. They are a clear reminder of the country’s volcanic origins and constantly changing landscape. From well-known spots like Reynisfjara to more remote locations like Stuðlagil Canyon or Aldeyjarfoss, these formations add something unique to any Iceland road trip.
The key to seeing them all comes down to flexibility. With a rental car, you can explore at your own pace, stop at viewpoints along the way, and reach both popular attractions and lesser-known locations across the country.
Whether you’re visiting in summer for easier access or in winter for more dramatic scenery, basalt columns are worth including in your itinerary. Choose the right rental car for your route and season, plan ahead, and you’ll be able to experience some of Iceland’s most striking landscapes without limitations.
